possible for many teachers to forego the method of the 
dictamen  or dictation, and to move at a fast pace. But the 
slow method of dictation was also still in vogue. According to 
Hajnal (pp. 64­5), “after careful consideration, [the Faculty] 
decided in favor of the first method; that the professor should 
speak fast enough to be understood, but too fast for the pen 
to follow him. . . . Students who in order to oppose this statute 
themselves, or by means of their servants and followers, should 
shout or whistle or stamp their feet would be excluded from the 
Faculty for one year.”

The medieval student had to be paleographer, editor, and 
publisher of the authors he read.

*     The clash was between the old form of dictation or the 
new form of dialogue and oral disputation. And it was this